The fractional charge appears in the model during renormalization as a repulsion beyond the cutoff.
Since the total charge on the system was -1 these, now isolated, defects in essence each carried a fractional charge of -1/2.
Their quasi-particle excitations have no fractional charge and fractional statistics.
The quarks, which were massive particles that carried fractional electric charges.
The excitations have fractional charge of magnitude .
The proton itself has a +1 charge; the quarks have a fractional electric charge.
Maris made headlines in the popular media when he proposed in 2000 that electrons could break up into smaller particles, each with fractional charge.
Since quarks have different fractional charges, mesons can have a charge.
There are two types of quarks in atoms, each having a fractional electric charge.
Because of this, one end of the bond has a fractional negative charge and the other a positive charge.
