The electron donors are taken up from the environment.

Water is therefore not used as an electron donor.

Bacteria can use a number of different electron donors.

It also uses a wide range of substrates as electron donors.

"The exemption is limited to electricity which acts as an electron donor," the House says.

Hydrogen (H2) is another important electron donor in anaerobic communities.

Requires either hydrogen or formate as an electron donor for growth.

In the present day biosphere, the most common electron donors are organic molecules.

This central channel is mirrored by binding sites for the electron donors on either side.

In most eukaryotes, glucose is used as both an energy store and an electron donor.

For sulfate reduction electron donors and energy are needed.

Ligand strength has the following order for these electron donors:

This indicates that the migration of the better electron donor occurs preferentially.

The nature of the electron donor is very dependent on the structure of the enzyme.

Vitamin C acts as an electron donor for eight different enzymes:

Electron donors include natural organic material and petroleum hydrocarbons.

The use of electron donors by microbes begins with dissolved oxygen (aerobic conditions).

For example, a dye chromophore has been modified by the addition of secondary electron donors.

Kochi's research examined the interactions of electron donors and acceptors.

And, because it "donates" electrons, the reducing agent is also called an electron donor.

By contrast, the photosynthesis in plants uses water as the electron donor and produces oxygen.

The nucleophile (electron donor) attacks the carbocation to give the product.

An overall mechanism has been proposed. The decatungstate photooxidizes an electron donor like water.

The difference between the two is what species can act as the electron donor/electron acceptor.

Their diverse utilization of many electron donors makes this layer stand out in the microbial mat community.