A similar plan was launched in 2007 for Baltic cod and has already begun to have an effect, according to the commission.

Polish fishermen, too, have complained about cuts in quotas for Baltic cod.

The special Baltic cod fishing licences have restricted the capacity for that type of fishery.

The Commission’s proposal is expected to have far-reaching consequences for both Baltic cod stocks and the fishing industry.

The plan appears to treat the Baltic cod fishery as a uniform area, taking no account of its specific inshore fisheries.

Realistic assumptions of environmental conditions and present fishing mortality rates suggest that the current Baltic cod fishery is unsustainable.

Some Eastern Baltic cod and Alaska pollock are also caught by bottom trawling.

They have tackled the difficult challenge of drafting a long-term programme for the regeneration and catches of Baltic cod.

The new measures go beyond those recently proposed in the EU multi-annual fishery plan on Baltic cod stocks.

The relatively larger genetic distance between the Baltic cod and other stocks may reflect isolation resulting from geographic and perhaps ecological barriers.

An increase in cod stocks allowed the commission to recommend a 15 percent increase eastern Baltic cod fishing quotas, which was endorsed by the ministers.

Last year, scientists advised that eastern Baltic cod had been overfished to the point where it might vanish from the area, and recommended an outright fishing ban.

"When the recovery plan for Baltic cod was put in place last year, scientists were warning that the Eastern cod stock was on the verge of collapse.

The EU so far only has one provision on limiting fishery activities, namely the summer fishing ban (June to August) on Baltic cod.

We used generalized additive models (GAMs) to investigate the influence of environmental conditions and stock structure on the recruitment processes of Baltic cod.

PEP proved to be superior to spawning stock biomass as measure of the reproductive potential in a stock-recruitment relationship of Eastern Baltic cod.

The Basic Regulation of the Common Fisheries Policy 2371/2002/EC defines safe biological limits and both Baltic cod stocks are below that level.

For 2014, the Commission's proposals include increases in total allowable catches of eastern cod by 7 percent and a cut of 15 percent for western Baltic cod.

We investigate whether a process-oriented approach based on the results of field, laboratory, and modelling studies can be used to develop a stock–environment–recruitment model for Central Baltic cod (Gadus morhua).

Be it the Baltic cod, the Mediterranean hake or the Black Sea sturgeon, many species are overfished and could even disappear if stricter measures to limit captures are not taken.

Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), from a brackish environment, were compared with oceanic (Skagerrak) cod in terms of early embryonic cleavage pattern, hatching success, and egg-lipid fatty acid composition.

It is difficult to avoid the impression that report was strongly influenced by the view that the fishing capacity of the Baltic cod fleet is currently far too large in relation to the available fishing quotas.

It should be added that none of the Baltic countries queries the introduction of fishing mortality as a method of defining the achievable aims of the multiannual plan for rebuilding Baltic cod stocks.

In this respect, the authors deserve our sincere congratulations for taking on the truly difficult task of framing a long-term programme for the restocking and fishing of Baltic cod, the most important fish species in that sea.

As misreporting is presently one of the key problems in the management of the Baltic cod fishery, it is crucial to improve these rules to monitor comprehensively how much is taken from which cod stock, and when.