To yield reliable and comparable results, standard methods of data encoding are needed for data attribution and data citation, and for maximally accurate data verification and replication.

Application streamlining also addresses any application-specific data encoding or encryption mechanisms so that data deduplication mechanisms can be applied on the original data format.

A similar design of audio data encoding makes compact disc (CD) playback robust.

The specification of the data encoding format is not released, or underlies non-disclosure agreements.

For the now obsolete ST-506 interface, the data encoding scheme as written to the disk surface was also important.

Modern hard drives present a consistent interface to the rest of the computer, no matter what data encoding scheme is used internally.

ST506 used MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) for the data encoding method.

In the G.711 standard for audio companding designed by ITU-T the data encoding with the A-law essentially encodes a 13 bit signed integer as a 1.3.4 minifloat.

The data encoding system was also standardized as the NABTS (North American Broadcast Teletext Specification) protocol.

This data encoding scheme is used to encode UTF-16 as ASCII characters for use in 7-bit transports such as SMTP.