The mean free path is determined by the impurities and the crystal imperfections which are temperature independent as well.

A second problem is the presence of "electron traps" due to grain boundaries, impurities, defects and crystal imperfections.

A number of the Type Ia diamonds show indications of sulfide crystal imperfections.

These models provide the basis for an ongoing investigation into surfactant liquid crystal structures, crystal imperfections and diffuse scattering.

He is developing sensitive X-ray diffraction techniques to map crystal imperfections in materials of industrial importance, especially diamonds, using both characteristic and synchrotron X-radiation.

Monocrystalline silicon is expensive to produce, and is usually only justified in production of integrated circuits, where tiny crystal imperfections can interfere with tiny circuit paths.

Upon excitation by an electron beam, such local sites of crystal imperfection are more liable to absorb energy from the beam than are neighbouring lattice sites.

Materials aspects of the production of semiconductor and optical devices will be considered including bulk semiconductor crystal growth, epitaxial growth, crystal imperfections, impurity effects, ion implanting and fabrication.

The role of different crystal imperfections and surface inhomogeneities in the processes of electrochemical phase formation and crystal growth is discussed on the basis of experimental results obtained by electrodeposition of metals on native and foreign single crystal substrates in selected model systems.