That is a lower octane rating than you find at gas stations -- most are at least 87 -- but traditional crude oil refining uses several steps to reach that mark.

On Wednesday, Motiva Enterprises LLCs Port Arthur refinery a U.S. leader in crude oil refining was issued fines totaling $249,818 for air quality violations cited in March and June 2009.

PARCO is a key player in Pakistan's strategic oil supply and logistics, and its major business activities include Crude Oil Refining and Transportation, Storage and Marketing of POL Products.

"While several refineries have been destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami, and the level of crude oil refining is lower accordingly, the demand for diesel for power generation is higher after numerous nuclear power stations have had to be switched off," said a report from Commerzbank in Frankfurt.