Co-stimulation for B cells is provided alternatively by complement receptors.

Complement receptors are responsible for detecting pathogens by mechanisms not mediated by antibodies.

Binding to specific complement receptors on the cells of the immune system, triggering specific cell functions, inflammation, and certain immunoregulatory molecules.

It expresses certain complement receptors as well as Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G.

Furthermore, opsonization of the antigen and subsequent binding to an activated phagocyte will cause increased expression of complement receptors on neighboring phagocytes.

He was awarded a PhD for research into complement receptors under the supervision of Peter Lachmann in 1986 at the University of Cambridge.

In human mononuclear phagocytes, phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated in part by human monocyte complement receptors including CR3.

Promastigote attachment to macrophages is facilitated by a number of receptors, including complement receptors CR1 and CR3, and the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products.

The infection of HIV-1 leads to activation of complements fragments of these complements can assist viruses with infection by facilitating viral interactions with host cells that express complement receptors.

Proteins involved in microbial pattern recognition include mannose receptor, complement receptors, DC-SIGN,Toll-like receptors(TLRs), the scavenger receptor, CD14, and Mac-1.

Complement receptors, collectins, ficolins, pentraxins such as serum amyloid and C-reactive protein, lipid transferases, peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRs) and the LRR, XA21D are all secreted proteins.

Dr. Lambris' laboratory was among the first to map the critical sites on C3 responsible for its diverse functions and also to define its complex binding dynamics to various C3 natural ligands, viral proteins, complement receptors, and regulators.

Neutrophils have a variety of specific receptors, including complement receptors, cytokine receptors for interleukins and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), receptors for chemokines, receptors to detect and adhere to endothelium, receptors for leptins and proteins, and Fc receptors for opsonin.