Doctrines such as claim preclusion prevent re-litigation of failed complaints in alternative forums.

Union Carbide recently decided to press the alternative forum of negotiations with American and Indian lawyers, company officials said.

He and Franklin have turned instead to the internet to provide an alternative forum for protest.

"When you use an alternative forum you also give up your rights to appeal."

Availability of adequate alternative forums for the plaintiff.

"We do not see it as an alternative forum in any way whatsoever to the direct process of negotiations."

The Court of Appeals, however, revisited the Court's analysis of the adequate alternative forum.

For these reasons, the District Court, again found that Nigeria provided an adequate alternative forum.

While such actions may reflect American political advantage in these alternative forums, they should not be perceived as a slight to the Security Council.

And they managed to do so in Washington, without relying on the trappings of officialdom, by turning instead to alternative forums.