Patients with acute decompensated heart failure have diminished left ventricular systolic and/or diastolic functioning.

Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667) is an experimental drug for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.

In acute decompensated heart failure, the immediate goal is to re-establish adequate perfusion and oxygen delivery to end organs.

CXL 1020 is a newly developed, experimental drug that is currently being investigated as a treatment for acute decompensated heart failure.

However, a recent clinical trial failed to show a benefit of nesiritide in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and the authors could not recommend its use.

Nesiritide, a recombinant form of B-natriuretic peptide, is indicated for use in patients with acute decompensated heart failure who have dyspnea at rest.

Opiates Opiates have traditionally been used in the treatment of the acute pulmonary edema that results from acute decompensated heart failure.

In type 1 (acute) CRS, acute decompensated heart failure leads to acute kidney injury.

Elevated levels of galectin-3 have been found to be significantly associated with higher risk of death in both acute decompensated heart failure and chronic heart failure populations.

The goal is to prevent the development of acute decompensated heart failure, to counteract the deleterious effects of cardiac remodeling, and to minimize the symptoms that the patient suffers.

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a worsening of the symptoms, typically shortness of breath (dyspnea), edema and fatigue, in a patient with existing heart disease.

Acute myocardial infarction can precipitate acute decompensated heart failure and will necessitate emergent revascularization with thrombolytics, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft.

Initial therapy of acute decompensated heart failure usually includes some combination of a vasodilator such as nitroglycerin, a diuretic such as furosemide, and non invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV).

The UNLOAD Study: Ultrafiltration Versus Intravenous Diuretics for Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

In total, the clinical data base includes more than 3500 patients in Phase IIb and III double-blind studies, which is the highest number ever in testing a drug for acute decompensated heart failure.

It should also be determined whether the patient had a history of a repaired congenital heart disease as they often have complex cardiac anatomy with artificial grafts and shunts that may sustain damage, leading to acute decompensated heart failure.

Data from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) show that most hospitalizations for heart failure are due to fluid overload in patients for whom oral diuretics are no longer effective.

Acute decompensated heart failure is exacerbated or decompensated heart failure, referring to episodes in which a patient can be characterized as having a change in heart failure signs and symptoms resulting in a need for urgent therapy or hospitalization.

One heart doctor critical of those findings was Dr. JoAnn Lindenfeld, who was quoted in a cardiology publication, Heartwire, in March as saying, "I wouldn't view these data as persuasive enough to use it full-scale in a million patients a year with acute decompensated heart failure."

The EVEREST trial, which utilized tolvaptan, showed that when used in combination with conventional therapy, many symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure were significantly improved compared to conventional therapy alone although they found no difference in mortality and morbidity when compared to conventional therapy.

Istaroxime is now under development for treatment of acute decompensated heart failure by CVie Therapeutics, a Chinese pharmaceutical company owned by Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited that in July 2012 has acquired from Sigma-Tau the patents and rights on Istaroxime and related compounds.