The Hutu population revolted in 1959, massacring a large number of Tutsi and ultimately establishing an independent Hutu-dominated state in 1962.

In 1994, the Hutu population arose and killed many Tutsi in Burundi.

By 1999, however, when the RPF had weakened the insurgents and the north-west became peaceful, the Hutu population became broadly supportive of Kagame.

In Burundi, a campaign of genocide was conducted against Hutu population in 1972, and an estimated 100,000 Hutus died.

Instead of helping the problem, these reforms instead served to inflame ethnic tensions as hope grew amongst the Hutu population that the Tutsi monopoly was at an end.

Ruggiu was an Italian-Belgian who was part of the radio station conspiracy to incite ethnic tension and encourage the Hutu population to kill all the Tutsis.

An increasingly restive Hutu population, encouraged by the Belgian military, sparked a revolt in November 1959.

They incited the Hutu population and called on them to massacre the Tutsi population.

The genocide of 1972 left a permanent mark in the collective memory of the Hutu population, both in Burundi and in neighbouring countries.

These episodes further radicalized elements of the Hutu population in Rwanda who also faced pressure from a militant Tutsi opposition, Rwandan Patriotic Front.