Permanent magnets produce fields through the orientation of the electron orbits and spins of the atoms in the magnet.
I myself generally assume that the energy will appear as a jump in electron orbits.
This classical prediction is violated by the observation of stable electron orbits.
Each electron orbit of the same size or energy (shell) could only hold so many electrons.
Steve Ross James, A true electron orbit is not nearly so simple as a circle or ellipse.
The broken electron orbit, Melody thought.
It takes enormous pressures to squeeze hydrogen so tightly that the electron orbits of each separate H2 molecule start merging and sharing electrons.
In 1913 Niels Bohr proposed a new model of the atom that included quantized electron orbits.
In elements with multiple electron orbits, the smallest orbits correspond with the lowest energy and these fill up first.
In the paper, Heisenberg formulated quantum theory without sharp electron orbits.