Index Terms: Chiropractic, spinal manipulative therapy, somato-visceral, viscero-somatic, renal disease, urinary tract infection.

The idea is that both 'somato-visceral' and 'viscero-somatic' connections exist, and manipulation of the somatic system can affect the visceral system (and vice-versa).

There was no difference in hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices between the two groups.

Viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis: visceral afferent fibers cause reflex somatic problems.

Viscerosomatic pain signal convergence often occurs in this lamina due to the presence of wide dynamic range tract neurons resulting in pain referral.

Some skeptics have argued that there is no scientific understanding of the proposed underlying theory of a viscerosomatic relationship, and the efficacy of the modality is unestablished in some cases and doubtful in others.

The essential premise of applied kinesiology, which is not shared by mainstream medical theory, is that every organ dysfunction is accompanied by a weakness in a specific corresponding muscle in what is termed the "viscerosomatic relationship."

The literature supports the existence of somatovisceral and viscerosomatic reflexes, but there is little or no evidence to support the notion that the spinal derangements (often referred to as subluxations by chiropractors) can cause prolonged aberrant discharge of these reflexes.