surface conductivity

As is now well known the independent variables are frequency/wavelength, distance, surface conductivity.

For small channels, surface conductivity is responsible for most of the charge transport.

Smoluchowski was the first to recognize the importance of surface conductivity at the beginning of the 20th century.

It is often called "additional surface conductivity".

Secondly, it neglect contribution of the surface conductivity.

The Smoluchowski theory also neglects contribution of surface conductivity.

He derived a simple equation that links surface conductivity κ with the behaviour of ions at the interface.

Improved surface conductivity should be explored using methods to produce a defect-free conductive surface.

For small channels, surface conductivity exceeds volume conductivity.

Local humidity and individual variation in coat density, skin thickness and surface conductivity, will also affect the delivery of the shock.

In some applications which require rigorous filtering, the walls are plated with a thin layer of gold or silver to improve surface conductivity.

Surface conductivity vanishes.

Due to the dependence of surface conductivity on pH, the channel becomes a pH sensor.

Surface conductivity is an additional conductivity of an electrolyte in the vicinity of charged surfaces.

Austin's measurements were almost entirely over sea which has the admirable quantity of both homogenity and constancy of surface conductivity.

It is possible that the lateral motion of ions in both parts of the DL contributes to the surface conductivity.

The theory of the surface conductivity of the diffuse part of the DL was developed by Bikerman.

There are several analytical theories that incorporate surface conductivity and eliminate the restriction of the small Dukhin number for both the electrokinetic and electroacoustic applications.

Dukhin number is a ratio of the surface conductivity to the fluid bulk electrical conductivity K multiplied by particle size a :

There is another expression of this number that is valid when surface conductivity is associated only with ions motion above slipping plane in the double layer.

There is a detailed description of surface conductivity by Lyklema in "Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science"

In addition to this the ground penetration varies, becoming greater at lower frequencies, and this means that it is not just the surface conductivity that is of interest.

The Dukhin number is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the contribution of the surface conductivity to a variety of electrokinetic phenomena, such as, electrophoresis and electroacoustic phenomena.

In this case, value of the surface conductivity depends on ζ-potential, which leads to the following expression for the Dukhin number for symmetrical electrolyte with equal ions diffusion coefficient:

The scientific equipment the plane carried was used for measuring the magnetic and gravity field of the Earth, surface conductivity, surface temperatures, ice thickness and topographic layouts below the ice surface.