struvite

This effect can lead to a certain type of kidney stone (struvite).

The struvite can be made by adding magnesium to the waste.

This may explain some of the excess struvite production in domestic cats.

Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common.

Use of struvite as an agricultural fertilizer was in fact first described in 1857.

The remainder are made primarily of uric acid, struvite, or cystine.

This includes the extraction of phosphorus rich materials such as struvite from waste processing plants.

Most struvite stones occur in women.

Many studies have concluded magnesium in the diet as a primary cause of struvite urolithiasis in cats.

In California, struvite enteroliths are associated also with a high proportion of alfalfa in the feed and less access to grass pasture.

If left untreated, the increased alkalinity can lead to the formation of crystals of struvite, calcium carbonate, and/or apatite.

Types of stones include struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silicate.

Calcium phosphate is usually a component of struvite or calcium oxalate stones and is infrequently a pure stone.

Ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite)

Commercial feline diets now limit the amount of magnesium and add acidifiers in the food to increase urine acidity, thereby reducing the likelihood of struvite formation.

Long-term build up from the precipitation of struvite and carbonate in the pipes has also needed to be solved by treatment with hydrochloric acid once in five years.

Kidney stones are similar to ooids in their layered structure; they are sometimes rich in calcium (calcium oxalate) or phosphate (struvite).

Although recent surveys of enterolith composition are lacking, one early review notes struvite (as in equines), calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate and reports choleic acid.

Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite.

Recovery of phosphorus from wastestreams as struvite and recycling those nutrients into agriculture as fertilizer appears promising, particularly in agricultural manure and municipal waste water treatment plants.

About 10-15% of urinary calculi are composed of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate, NHMgPO 6HO).

Approximately 15-20% of FLUTD cases are caused by uroliths, with the most common form being calcium oxalate and struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths.

Cauxin protein from feline urine was reported in 2008 to act as a nucleator for struvite crystals, in an in vivo system containing magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate ions.

In the past, surgery has been required to remove struvite uroliths in cats; today, special acidifying low magnesium diets may be used to dissolve sterile struvite stones.

Equine enteroliths typically are smoothly spherical or tetrahedral, consist mostly of the mineral struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate), and have concentric rings of mineral precipitated around a nidus.