Chávez has adopted the term socialism of the 21st century.

Socialism of the 21st Century measures efficiency not only in terms of this human development, but also with respect to nature and natural resources.

The sustainability and stability of economic reforms associated with Socialism of the 21st Century have been questioned.

According to the program, the strategic goal of the party is to build in Russia a "renewed socialism, socialism of the 21st century".

Correa describes himself as a humanist, Christian of the left and proponent of socialism of the 21st century.

ALBA is most explicitly related to Socialism of the 21st Century.

The party defines its ideology as "New Socialism of the 21st century", but emphasises that it does not wish to return to "Soviet bureaucratic socialism".

With these postulates the movement PAIS seeks to transform to the Ecuador toward the socialism of the 21st century.

The model of Socialism of the 21st Century encourages economic and political integration among nations in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Socialism of the 21st Century is a type of Democratic socialism; Chávez, Morales, and Correa have all been elected democratically.

The notable exceptions to this trend have been North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela, the latter instituting a philosophy referred to as "Socialism of the 21st century".

Media coverage of Chávez and Latin American Socialism of the 21st Century has been criticized as unfair, especially in US media outlets.

The foundation of the Citizens' Revolution is the radical liberal revolution led by Eloy Alfaro (1842-1912) and the ideals of Socialism of the 21st century.

It calls for a "New Socialism of the 21st Century", which guarantees the rights and freedoms of the individual and ensures the proper functioning of a welfare state.

Applications of Socialism of the 21st Century in Latin America have typically been anti-imperialistic and directly challenge U.S. hegemony in the Americas.

According to Dieterich "the program of the Socialism of the 21st Century is necessarily a revolutionary one" in that the existing society is replaced by a "qualitatively different system."

Just Russia, a party widely rumoured to have been set up by the Kremlin in 2006 precisely to take votes from the Communists, also appeals to a left-leaning electorate with promises of a new socialism of the 21st century.

Therefore Socialism of the 21st Century is distinctly different from previous applications of socialism such as Marxism-Leninism or Maoism in that it rejects authoritarianism and centralized planning for a decentralized, participatory planning process.

Following Chavism, his own political ideology of Bolivarianism and Socialism of the 21st Century, he focused on implementing socialist reforms in the country as a part of a social project known as the Bolivarian Revolution.

In January 2005, he began openly proclaiming the ideology of "Socialism of the 21st Century", something that was distinct from his earlier forms of Bolivarianism, which had been social democratic in nature, merging elements of capitalism and socialism.

President Chávez, a leftist who has become the Bush administration's most visible antagonist in Latin America, has discouraged much-needed investment by maintaining a strident discourse against capitalism while endorsing Venezuela's transformation to the "new socialism of the 21st century."

Socialism of the 21st Century seeks to address the failures of both industrial capitalism and twentieth century socialism to solve urgent problems of humanity, like poverty, hunger, exploitation, economic oppression, sexism, racism, the destruction of natural resources, and the absence of a really participative democracy."

In his book The Socialism of the 21st century, Steffan explains the theoretical basis of the new socialism, which finds its most practical application in the revolutionary process of Venezuela, and to a lesser extent in the neighbouring countries of Bolivia and Ecuador.

At the turn of the 21st century, in Latin America Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez championed what he termed 'Socialism of the 21st Century', which included a policy of nationalisation of national assets such as oil, anti-imperialism, and termed himself a Trotskyist supporting 'permanent revolution'.

Socialism of the 21st Century draws on indigenous traditions of communal governance and previous Latin America socialist movements including that of Salvador Allende, Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Zapatista Army of National Liberation and the Sandinista National Liberation Front.