A special membrane that contacts the bone is called the ruffled border.

The ruffled border increases surface area interface for bone resorption.

Histologically, the most notable aspect of this phase is that these cells become striated, or have a ruffled border.

OPN serves to initiate the process by which osteoclasts develop their ruffled borders to begin bone resorption.

Within this sealed margin, projections from the cytoplasm form the ruffled border, a specialized Ocl-extracellular space in which bone resorption occurs.

It was surrounded by a ruffled border, and below the printed matter was a drawing of angels standing back to back and blowing long trumpets.

In particular, the cytoskeleton is vital for maintaining the "ruffled border" that is required for contact between a resorbing osteoclast and a bone surface.

In osteoclasts, ROS are generated at the ruffled border and seem to be required for resorption and degradation to occur.

Upon polarization of the osteoclast over the site of resorption, cathepsin K is secreted from the ruffled border into the resorptive pit.

Cathepsin K transmigrates across the ruffled border by intercellular vesicles and is then released by the functional secretory domain.

Ultrastructural examination showed that osteoclasts from estrogen-treated mice were unable to seal against the bone surface and were unable to form ruffled borders.

At a site of active bone resorption, the osteoclast forms a specialized cell membrane, the "ruffled border," that touches the surface of the bone tissue.

The ruffled border, which facilitates removal of the bony matrix, is a morphologic characteristic of an osteoclast that is actively resorbing bone.

Some Ocl from estradiol-treated animals had no ruffled borders in spite of the appearance of some attempt to form sealing podosome regions (Fig.

In osteoclasts, TRAP is localized within the ruffled border area, the lysosomes, the Golgi cisternae and vesicles.

From this effect, it has been hypothesized that TRAP is secreted from the ruffled border, dephosphorylates osteopontin and allows osteoclast migration, and further resorption to occur.

Figure 3Aillustrates the normal ultrastructural appearance of an Ocl from a control femur; note the normal ruffled border and snug apposition of the Ocl to the bone surface.