This would provide a "level playing field" enabling carriers to compete on performance rather than fee differentials, risk exclusions, subsidies, etc.

The problem is that, when it comes to IT, approach is not "risk management," but "risk exclusion."

A pharmacy that billed Medicaid 150 percent of its usual charge for a generic drug would risk exclusion from the program, Mr. Kocot said.

Under the rules of force majeure, cars must be able to return to the pits under their own power during qualifying or else risk exclusion from the results.

For Japan in recent years, it has been a vicious cycle: several leading Japanese banks have flirted with falling below a widely accepted international standard for the amount of capital they have to support their loans, risking exclusion from international markets.

Shortly before the final practice session on Saturday, the FIA announced that Pirelli's camber limits were mandatory and that any team who failed to observe them would be reported to the stewards under Article 2.3 of the sport's technical regulations for dangerous construction and would risk exclusion from the race.