In order to beat looters, the refuge castle has been investigated.

In fact, some of the earth ramparts were part of a former Slavic refuge castle.

Sometimes both terpen and werven are called vliedburg, or "refuge castles".

The large size of refuge castles enabled them to provide stores and supplies in the event of a siege.

A refuge castle was on the site from at least the late Bronze Age (Urnfield culture).

On this mountain, the Celts built a defensive wall out of basalt stones and logs that served the local people as a refuge castle.

Because the majority of refuge castles were not permanent settlements, archaeological excavations often produce little by way of finds.

It could have been used as a refuge castle until the Middle Ages, because it was part of the estate of the monastery.

The earliest history of the castle, which was erected on the remains of an earlier refuge castle is largely unknown.

The Celts also left a refuge castle on the Marialskopf (mountain) near Medard.

In prehistoric times, the Celts built a stone refuge castle on the Steineberger Ley.

The Burscheider Mauer is a Celtic ringwall that was used as a refuge castle.

Amongst ancient historical references to them are the refuge castles of the Gauls described by Caesar as oppida, although they could also be permanent settlements.

The Marialskopf in the southeast was in the time when the area was settled by the Celts ringed by walls and palisades, a refuge castle.

Babilonie: the La Tène culture hillfort lies on a hill in the Wiehen near Obermehnen and could have been a refuge castle.

In the Middle Ages fortified churches (Wehrkirchen) and church castles (Kirchenburgen) also acted as refuge castles.

Refuge castle near Duel/Paternion (Carinthia):

The Homburg - like the Winzenburg on the Rosstrappe on the other side of the gorge - acted as a refuge castle for Germanic tribes.

According to Ernst Christmann, the Celts built a refuge castle on the Kreimberg plateau for times of discord and war, with a stone ringwall standing as its main feature.

In Europe a multitude of large protohistoric sites surrounded by earthworks has been uncovered by archaeological excavations, many over 100 metres in diameter, that are understood to be refuge castles.

In addition, the ridge is home to the ruins of the Grasburg, a medieval refuge castle, which legend has it was the family castle of the Counts of Stolberg.

The wedge-shaped, double-rampart system, which descends from south to north with the slope, was investigated archaeologically in the first half of the last century, especially by Friedrich Langewiesche, who assessed it as a refuge castle.

Above the quarries north of the Kreimbach, spreading across a high plateau, is the Heidenburg ("Heathen Castle"), a prehistoric refuge castle or fortified living area where a tall lookout tower also stands.

In 1996, within the Iron Age and Early Medieval refuge castle the foundations of the Church of the Cross (Kreuzkirche) were discovered which, thanks to conservation measures, are now open to the general public.

The Grasburg is a prehistoric refuge castle, in the form of a hillfort with a rampart and ditch system, near Rottleberode in the district of Mansfeld-Südharz in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.