Fleas will hatch inside the vacuum cleaner bags and re-infest if this is not done.

If wood conditions are right, female beetles may lay their eggs and re-infest the wood, continuing the cycle for generations.

Red spider mite can overwinter without feeding and re-emerge in the spring and summer to re-infest plants.

But in places like Jutiapa there is a different kind of flying chinche that lives in trees and can easily re-infest a house after fumigation.

If your garden borders public land and you notice tent caterpillars there, you may as well destroy them too or they will re-infest your garden.

Unfortunately, this species spreads by vegetative growth of plant fragments and these harvesters typically produce large amounts of viable fragments that can either re-infest the harvested area or spread to new sites.

ADVANTAGE may be used as the only product for flea control as it breaks the life cycle and kills all fleas emerging from the environment to re-infest the cat/dog.

Heavy stocking is suggested to ensure all the infestation is consumed, and as with other methods, ongoing monitoring is required to ensure no scraps of plant material have survived to re-infest the area.

"Early indications are showing we are having a very successful kill rate but while spores continue to drift down from the upper catchment there is always the danger the willows will re-infest where we have cleared.

If a follow-up isn’t done, the 20 per cent of the weed that is not killed will set seed and re-infest the area, a factor compounded by the effects of the fire on seedling recruitment,” explained Faiz.