Although radical ions do exist, most species are electrically neutral.

The hydrogen atom is not able to delocalize the radical ion.

A radical ion is a free radical species that carries a charge.

At the same time, he explored the structure property relationship of the various ion pairs and radical ions involved.

This is influenced by the substituent's ability to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state structure.

Delocalizing the radical ion stabilizes the transition state structure.

These effects oppose each other kinetically and provide important insight into the design of fast radical ion fragmentation reactions.

A mechanism involving SO3− and S2O6− radical ions is proposed.

The radical ions then initiate free radical (and/or ionic) polymerization.

The driving force of fragmentation is the strong tendency of the radical ion for electron pairing.

Oxygen generated at the anode is capable of oxidizing the radical ion back to the viologen.

The substituents thermodynamically stabilize the center by delocalizing the radical ion via resonance.

This result is rationalized by taking account of the fixed orientation of the radical ion pair in the cyclodextrins.

Distonic radical ions were first discovered in the gas phase by Michael L. Gross.

The γ irradiation of crystalline dithionates produces SO radical ions.

Keywords: photochemistry, photoinduced electron transfer, radical ions, radicals, cyclization.

Keywords: photoinduced electron transfer, radical ions, molecular orbital calculations, bond cleavage, 2-carene.

The expected complementary alkoxy radical ion product is not found, possibly due to an energetic Franck-Condon relaxation.

Ascorbic acid is special because it can transfer a single electron, owing to the resonance-stabilized nature of its own radical ion, called semidehydroascorbate.

The persulfate ion readily breaks up into sulfate radical ions above about 50 C, providing a thermal source of initiation.

The same effect is obtained by electrochemical oxidation (forming the benzidine radical ion) and significantly both processes are reversible.

In organic chemistry, a radical ion is typically indicated by a superscript dot followed by the sign of the charge: and .

The ethoxy and cyano groups are able to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state, thus stabilizing the radical center.

In the second stage pernigraniline is organic reduction to the emeraldine salt as aniline monomer gets oxidized to the radical ion.

The resulting radical ions initiate the radical chain oxidation and combine to form the oxygenated epoxide 9 of 1.