Trench fever, also known as 5-day fever or quintan fever is the initial manifestation of Bartonella quintana infection.

It is also known as five-day fever, quintan fever, Wolhinie fever and "urban trench fever", because it occurs in homeless people and alcoholics .

Trench fever (also known as "Five day fever", "Quintan fever" (febris Quintana in Latin), "Urban trench fever") is a moderately serious disease transmitted by body lice.

In this sense, the word has been used by medicine of more recent times; in the 16th through the 18th centuries, it often refers to the day on which a fever was thought to break (see quartan fever, quintan fever).

Trench fever is also called Wolhynia fever, shin bone fever, quintan fever, five-day fever, Meuse fever, His disease and His-Werner disease (after Wilhelm His, Jr. and Heinrich Werner).