Quantum tunnelling should also turn large objects into black holes.

This may occur because of external fields, quantum tunnelling between states, or other effects.

A virtual particle can be considered a manifestation of quantum tunnelling.

These are tunnel junctions, the study of which requires quantum tunnelling.

Narrow barriers allow quantum tunnelling, which has nothing to do with thermal excitation.

However, the quantum tunnelling effect allows alphas to escape even though they do not have enough energy to overcome the nuclear force.

This was the first application of quantum tunnelling and led to the first approximations.

The following subsections discuss the mathematical formulations of quantum tunnelling.

Reported estimates indicate that transistors at these dimensions are significantly affected by quantum tunnelling.

Quantum tunnelling may also make iron stars collapse into neutron stars in around years.

Quantum tunnelling to a new vacuum state would reduce the number of observers to zero (i.e., kill all life).

To accomplish this, they are experimenting with force-sensing resistors and quantum tunnelling composites.

Two aforementioned states of a nitrogen compound, namely ammonia, exhibit a quantum tunnelling because the barrier is narrow.

Faster light (Casimir vacuum and quantum tunnelling)

Raymond Y. Chiao was first to measure the quantum tunnelling time, which was found to be between 1.5 to 1.7 times the speed of light.

The resonant tunnelling diode makes use of quantum tunnelling in a very different manner to achieve a similar result.

In some worlds, quantum tunnelling to a true vacuum state has happened but most other worlds escape this tunneling and remain viable.

It has been claimed that transistors cannot be scaled below the size achievable at 16 nm due to quantum tunnelling, regardless of the materials used.

Quantum tunnelling falls under the domain of quantum mechanics: the study of what happens at the quantum scale.

Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity is another eponym and, in 1926, Hund discovered the so-called tunnel effect or quantum tunnelling.

Flash memory chips found in USB drives also use quantum tunnelling, to erase their memory cells.

In quantum mechanics the evanescent-wave solutions of the Schrödinger equation give rise to the phenomenon of quantum tunnelling.

Quantum tunnelling was later applied to other situations, such as the field electron emission of electrons, and perhaps most importantly semiconductor and superconductor physics.

At conventional reaction temperatures, sintering is minimal, although enough grain recrystallization occurs to permit Josephson quantum tunnelling between grains.

Purely quantum mechanical concepts are central to the phenomenon, so quantum tunnelling is one of the novel implications of quantum mechanics.