The pugmark census technique is also used during these travels.

Every individual animal species has a distinct pugmark and as such this is used for identification.

Field data for each pugmark are collected in specially devised census forms.

Each pugmark is as broad as my hand outspread - clear evidence that a tiger has been here before us.

For seven of the samples the individual sampled was identified by sighting or by a distinctive pugmark.

She found half of one pugmark and de- cided that it had been there before the herders had all crowded around Bundi.

A glass plate, about 25cmx30cm in size, called a tiger tracer, is then used to trace the outline of the pugmark that was left on the PIP.

Leading away from the tree, the dog's tracks continued in a westerly direction, and carmine stains in the left-front pugmark showed that his wound had opened again.

This is distinctly different from the pugmark method previously used by the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests, Project Tiger five-year tiger census.

Tiger densities have not been estimated except for the pugmark based estimate by the forest department of 36 tigers in TATR and 15 in the Tadoba National Park.

Some of the figures, most prominently the "Lion Man"-a lion with an extremely long rectangular kinked tail ending in a six-toed pugmark- depict the transformation of humans into animals.

This tracing is then transferred to a protocol where over twenty pieces of other information about the PIP, the habitat, the pugmark and the direction of movement of tiger, etc. are recorded to help in analysis.

In India, 'Pugmark Tracking' involves collection of pugmark tracings and plaster casts from the field and analysis of these separately for individual male, female, and cub of tiger and leopard, and their diagnostic track dimensions and spatial distribution.