Many plants with proteoid roots have economic value.

His research into proteoid roots earned him a PhD.

Some species have a long central tap roots, or have proteoid roots.

Some evidence suggests that phosphorous acid may inhibit proteoid root formation.

Many of the Proteaceae have specialised proteoid roots.

Banksias proteoid roots make it highly susceptible to this disease, with infected plants typically dying within a few years of exposure.

Cultivated crops with proteoid roots include Lupinus and Macadamia.

Banksias proteoid roots, which help it to survive in low-nutrient soils, make it highly susceptible to this disease.

As a result, plants with proteoid roots can grow in soil that is very low in nutrients, such as the phosphorus-deficient native soils of Australia.

Adaptations include mycorrhizal associations, proteoid roots, daucoid roots, and being carnivorous or semi-parasitic.

Studies on B. integrifolia suggest that its proteoid root mat achieves this by chemically modifying its soil environment.

If fertilised, only slow-release, low-phosphorus fertilizer should be used, as the proteoid roots may be damaged by high nutrient levels in the soil.

Proteoid roots, also known as cluster roots, are plant roots that form clusters of closely spaced short lateral rootlets.

Due to these specialized proteoid roots, the Proteaceae are one of few flowering plant families that do not form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Typical symptoms include yellow leaves, wilting, blackening and dieback or part or all of the plant, or lack of proteoid roots.

Like most other Proteaceae, it has proteoid roots, roots with dense clusters of short lateral rootlets that form a mat in the soil just below the leaf litter.

He then undertook a Masters degree under the supervision of Brian Grieve, focussed on soil-plant relationships of Hakea, especially its proteoid roots.

These adaptations include proteoid roots and lignotubers; specialised floral structures that attract nectariferous animals and ensure effective pollen transfer; and the release of seed in response to bushfire.

Lateral roots seasonally form secondary rootlets from which grow dense surface mats of proteoid roots, which function throughout the wetter months before dying off with the onset of summer.

Proteoid roots are now known to occur in 27 different Proteaceae genera, plus around 30 species from other families, including Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Eleagnaceae, Leguminosae, Moraceae and Myricaceae.

Proteoid roots are masses of lateral roots and hairs forming a radial absorptive surface, produced in the leaf litter layer during seasonal growth, and usually shriveling at the end of the growth season.

Noting that many of these cyanobacteria had heterocysts, he speculated that they aid the plant by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, which is then washed off the flower heads by rain, and absorbed by the proteoid root mat.

On the extremely ancient soils of Australia and Southern Africa, proteoid roots with their extremely dense networks of root hairs can absorb so much rainwater as to prevent runoff even when substantial amounts of rain fall.

Although B. attenuata leaves did not have increased phosphorus, they did have reduced levels of manganese-an element which is absorbed into the plant by its proteoid roots, the formation of which can be inhibited by raised levels of phosphorus.

Proteoid roots or cluster roots: dense clusters of rootlets of limited growth that develop under low phosphate or low iron conditions in Proteaceae and some plants from the following families Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Fabaceae and Myricaceae.

The aromatic, clustered roots are dark brown and often have node scarring.

Multiple order and clustered roots are unusual in random coefficient polynomials.

It is defined as those species having cluster roots, solitary ovules and indehiscent fruits.

Cluster roots: A curiosity in context.

She excavated the plants with care, keeping their clustered roots intact, and wrapped her gleanings in a dampened cloth.

This allows the finding of multiple roots (or very tightly clustered roots), even if some of them were discarded earlier.

All banksias have developed proteoid or cluster roots in response to the nutrient poor conditions of Australian soils (particularly lacking in phosphorus).

Proteoid roots, also known as cluster roots, are plant roots that form clusters of closely spaced short lateral rootlets.

The cluster roots are then allowed to die, but the laterals are protected from desiccation by a continuous supply of water from the sinker root.

Improvements in nutrient uptake are facilitated by root adaptations such as nitrogen-fixing root nodules, mycorrhizae and cluster roots.

Structure and Functioning of Cluster Roots and Plant Responses to Phosphate Deficiency.

Some plant roots, especially cluster roots, exude carboxylates that perform acid phosphatase activity, helping to mobilise phosphorus in nutrient-deficient soils.

Proteaceae is divided into five subfamilies, with Adenanthos placed in subfamily Proteoideae because of its cluster roots, solitary ovules and indehiscent fruits.

The other common adaptation is the possession of cluster roots, which allow it to extract enough nutrients to survive in the oligotrophic soils in which it grows.

Thus, soils are extremely nutrient-poor and most vegetation must use strategies such as cluster roots to gain even the smallest quantities of such nutrients as phosphorus and sulfur.

Like most other Proteaceae, B. sessilis has compound cluster roots, roots with dense clusters of short lateral rootlets that form a mat in the soil just below the leaf litter.

The inverse power method, which finds some smallest root first, is what drives the Jenkins-Traub method and gives it its numerical stability and fast convergence even in the presence of multiple or clustered roots.

Also planted in thousands are seedlings of the highly aromatic Vetiver grass whose cluster roots run vertically like a mesh to a depth of almost 5m, effectively preventing soil erosion and arresting water run-off.

With the onset of autumn rains, the lateral roots form dense surface mats of cluster roots in the top 20 cm (8 in) of soil, just below the leaf litter, where most minerals are concentrated.

Two forms are recognised: simple cluster roots form rootlets only along a root; compound cluster roots form the primary rootlets, and also form secondary rootlets on the primary rootlets.

Proteoid roots or cluster roots: dense clusters of rootlets of limited growth that develop under low phosphate or low iron conditions in Proteaceae and some plants from the following families Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Fabaceae and Myricaceae.

Cluster roots have been estimated as comprising about 30% of total root biomass in this species; the seasonal production of so much biomass, only for it to be lost at the end of the growing season, represents a substantial investment by the plant, but one that is critical in the competition for nutrients.