They are thus more significant than process innovations, which can only lead to the increased efficiency of existing industries.

This can lead to reductions in waste, a move towards continuous improvement and product or process innovations.

Corning won the National Medal of Technology four times for its product and process innovations.

Superalloy development has relied heavily on both chemical and process innovations and has been driven primarily by the aerospace and power industries.

The first, involving mainly large enterprises, investigates the role of industrial users in the development and implementation of process innovations and their subsequent commercial exploitation as product innovations.

These consider such questions as: post-war product and process innovations, the income-leisure trade-off, management and trade union attitudes, regulatory mechanisms and public inquiries, consumer and public attitude surveys.

Innovation in service firms, organizations, and industries - organizational innovations, as well as service product and process innovations, and the management of innovation processes, within service organizations.

The Vienna bread-production process innovations are often popularly credited for baking with steam leading to different crust characteristics; however Horsford, in his 1875 Report on Vienna Bread, wrote:

Studies have shown that equipment users rather than makers develop major process innovations (thus stealing a march on their competitors) and that small, imperceptible 'everyday rationaliza-tions' account for the lion's share of productivity gains in an ongoing manufacturing business.

This includes increases in energy and resource efficiency as well as product and process innovations such as environmental management and sustainable supply chain management, clean technologies, benign substitution of hazardous substances, and product design for environment.

Much of a network's power lies in the support that its members give to each other: WWB member institutions share product and process innovations, relay best practices and lessons learned, evaluate each other, and hold each other accountable for results.