Moreover, the manufacturers said, the new pollution-reducing technology should be taken into account.

Ethanol can be used as an alternative fuel or an octane-boosting, pollution-reducing additive to gasoline.

The plan would require heavy investments in new pollution-reducing equipment by electric utilities, oil and chemical companies and other industries.

The company offers truckers engines with pollution-reducing parts that are part of the Cummins family, not proprietary components from other manufacturers.

The remaining £5m will allow older buses in London to be retrofitted with pollution-reducing equipment to help deliver air quality improvements in the capital.

Seven other cases are in litigation involving a requirement to install pollution-reducing equipment any time plants undergo major renovations or expansions.

Smog should continue to drop in the coming years due to aggressive steps to reduce it, electric and hybrid cars, and other pollution-reducing measures taken.

Mary Walton was a nineteenth-century American inventor who was awarded two patents for pollution-reducing devices.

Under the relaxed rule that the court stayed on Wednesday, companies would have been allowed to replace aging equipment with its "functional equivalent" without taking on the expensive pollution-reducing requirements.

Cost Effect Is Uncertain During much of the 1970's cars sold in California carried pollution-reducing components that were different from cars sold in the rest of the country.

The plants had been exploiting a provision of the Clean Air Act that allowed them to avoid investing in pollution-reducing equipment under the assumption that they would soon be shuttered.

Moreover, in setting goals for eradicating smog that proponents call ambitious and critics label unrealistic, the plan is designed to spur pollution-reducing research and technological advances in a variety of industries.

Although Honda has not announced prices for the new Civics, it said the low-polluting models would cost only $100 more than comparable models sold elsewhere that do not have the same pollution-reducing technology.

Environmental leaders say they admire what Ford is doing at the Rouge plant - renamed the Ford Rouge Center - but call for the same pollution-reducing principles to be applied across the company's policies and product line.

A company policy that fosters innovation - 3M wants to make 25 percent of each division's sales come from products introduced within the past five years - means that engineers regularly revamp production processes and this provides easy access for pollution-reducing technology.

EPA's Voluntary Diesel Retrofit Program works to reduce pollution, including air toxics, resulting from existing diesel vehicles and equipment by encouraging fleet owners to install pollution-reducing devices on the vehicles and to use cleaner-burning diesel fuel.

In April, New York claimed victory in the largest settlement ever reached under the Clean Air Act when a Virginia power company agreed to spend $1.2 billion to install pollution-reducing technology in eight coal-burning plants in Virginia and West Virginia.

As a result of a lawsuit by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and a number of states (including Colorado) alleging violations of the Clean Air Act, Valero agreed in June 2005 to make pollution-reducing changes to its refineries, including the Commerce City facility.