In differentiated bodies, the surface is where the crust meets the planetary boundary layer.

From the speed of sound, the temperature of the air in the planetary boundary layer can be computed.

See, for example, planetary boundary layer.

The lowest part of the troposphere, where friction with the Earth's surface influences air flow, is the planetary boundary layer.

The group has strong interests in the planetary boundary layer and the cryosphere including its interaction with the atmosphere and ocean.

The balance between the rate of the turbulent kinetic energy production and its dissipation determines the planetary boundary layer depth.

Specifically, the term most often refers to the planetary boundary layer, which is the layer within which the effects of friction are significant.

This layer, where surface friction slows the wind and changes the wind direction, is known as the planetary boundary layer.

The O3 data showed clear evidence of nighttime transport of ozone in the nocturnal jet at the top of the planetary boundary layer.

What are Surface and Planetary Boundary Layer Processes?

Forecast models show significant sensitivity to humidity levels within the planetary boundary layer, or in the lowest levels of the atmosphere, which decreases with height.

Differences in planetary boundary layer cloud modeling schemes can lead to large differences in derived values of climate sensitivity.

During the day the planetary boundary layer usually is well-mixed, while at night it becomes stably stratified with weak or intermittent mixing.

The westerly disturbance increases the amount of subsidence that occurs over the gulf which reduces the depth of the planetary boundary layer.

A 'capping inversion' is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer.

To do this, generally, the parcel is lifted from the portion of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that lies below the morning inversion.

Planetary boundary layer (PBL)

It has been severally reported that in a stratified atmosphere cross-stream exchange occurs above the Planetary boundary layer when there is a vertical motion of significant moment.

This region is known as the atmospheric boundary layer of our planet, or the planetary boundary layer or simply "boundary layer".

The planetary boundary layer is the part of the troposphere that is nearest the Earth's surface and is directly affected by it, mainly through turbulent diffusion.

The rest of the atmosphere is composed of the remaining part of the planetary boundary layer (up to around 1000 m) and the troposphere or free atmosphere.

Presented here are animations of CO2 concentration in the free troposphere (above the planetary boundary layer, but below the tropopause) as simulated by CarbonTracker.

In the Earth's atmosphere, the planetary boundary layer is the air layer near the ground affected by diurnal heat, moisture or momentum transfer to or from the surface.

Mixing of air during the day which expands the height of the planetary boundary layer leads to increased winds, cumulus cloud development, and decreased surface dew points.

As Navier-Stokes equations suggest, the planetary boundary layer turbulence is produced in the layer with the largest velocity gradients that is at the very surface proximity.