Excess photosynthate, or DOC is then released, or exuded.

The remaining fixed energy (i.e., mass of photosynthate) is referred to as net primary production (NPP).

The euglenoids have chlorophylls a and b and they store their photosynthate in an unusual form called paramylon starch, a B-1,3 polymer of glucose.

Root-knot nematode larvae infect plant roots, causing the development of root-knot galls that drain the plant's photosynthate and nutrients.

Plants are not passive entities merely subject to environmental forces, nor are they 'automata'-like organisms based only on reflexes and optimised solely for accumulation of photosynthate.

Sieve tubes are joined end-to-end with perforate end-plates between known as sieve plates, which allow transport of photosynthate between the sieve elements.

Most translocation occurs to move carbon-rich photosynthate, and typically transfers material from mature regions to actively growing regions where the machinery of photosynthesis is not yet fully in place.

In these plants, the sporophytes grow from and are dependent on gametophytes for taking in water and mineral nutrients and for provision of photosynthate, the products of photosynthesis.

FIG. 2 Translocation of 11 C-labelled photosynthate out of one of the cotyledons of a tomato seedling which had been pulse-labelled with 11 CO 2 at time zero.

Although moss and hornwort sporophytes can photosynthesise, they require additional photosynthate from the gametophyte to sustain growth and spore development and depend on it for supply of water, mineral nutrients and nitrogen.

Associations between reef-building corals and photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae, wherein the zooxanthellae provide nutrition to the corals in the form of photosynthate, in exchange for nitrogen in coral waste products.

As shown in Fig. 2, chilling of the cotyledonary petiole to 4 C completely stops translocation of 11 C-labelled photosynthate through the chilled region for a period of at least ten minutes before a spontaneous recovery.

Our results show that the causal agent exits the wounded cotyledon when phloem translocation is blocked, so the systemic effect must either arise from a chemical signal travelling through a route that does not involve the transport of photosynthate, or a physical signal.

Even when capable of photosynthesis, as in mosses and hornworts, bryophyte sporophytes require additional photosynthate from the gametophyte to sustain growth and spore development and are dependent on the gametophyte for their supplies of water, mineral nutrients and nitrogen.

An increase in the carbon supplied by the plant to the AM fungi increases the uptake of phosphorus and the transfer of phosphorus from fungi to plant Phosphorus uptake and transfer is also lowered when the photosynthate supplied to the fungi is decreased.