These QTL have explained 79% of the phenotypic variance in this population.

Non-genetic factors such as age, illness, injury, or substance abuse can have significant effects on gene expression and phenotypic variance.

Heritability, in the broad sense, is theproportion of total phenotypic variance attributable to geneticfactors.

Heritability is the proportion of phenotypic variance in a trait in a population that can be attributed to genetic factors.

This variation in relatedness can be used to estimate which proportion of the total phenotypic variance (V) is explained by the above-mentioned components.

Heritability thus analyzes the relative contributions of differences in genetic and non-genetic factors to the total phenotypic variance in a population.

Twin studies have shown that ADHD is largely genetic with 76 percent of the phenotypic variance being explained by inherited genetic factors.

In quantitative genetics, the term animal model usually refers to a statistical model in which phenotypic variance is compartmentalised into environmental, genetic and sometimes maternal effects.

When population size is greater than 200, the position estimation of ICIM for QTL explaining more than 5% of the phenotypic variance is unbiased.

Take a barley doubled haploid population as an example, nine additive QTL affecting kernel weight were identified to be distributed on five out of the seven chromosomes, explaining 81% of the phenotypic variance.

In this population additive effects have explained most of the phenotypic variance, approximating the estimated heritability in the broad sense, which indicates that most of the genetic variance was caused by additive QTL.

Because the larvae's diet allows it to mimic seasonal changes in sync with its residing tree, Greene concludes that this phenotypic variance has been selected for since caterpillars who do undergo these changes are better concealed from predatory birds.

This reflects all the genetic contributions to a population's phenotypic variance including additive, dominant, and epistatic (multi-genic interactions), as well as maternal and paternal effects, where individuals are directly affected by their parents' phenotype (such as with milk production in mammals).