Before the introduction of the phase contrast microscope it was difficult to observe living cells.

In a phase contrast microscope, the image contrast is improved in two steps.

The phase contrast microscope was popularized through a series of time-lapse movies (Video 1), recorded using a photographic film camera.

This method usually employs a phase contrast microscope or confocal reflection microscope.

A Phase contrast, fluorescent or quantitative phase contrast microscope.

His discovery lay at the base of the first phase contrast microscope, built during World War II.

Embryogenesis has also been studied, and the stages of development are easily identifiable with a phase contrast microscope following preparation of an egg mass squash.

Higher magnification films were obtained using either the stereo zoom microscope described above, or a Nikon inverted phase contrast microscope.

Such objects do, however, induce a phase shift that can be observed using either a Zernike or a Nomarski phase contrast microscope.

Transparent objects, like living biological cells, are traditionally viewed in a phase contrast microscope or in a differential interference contrast microscope.

As single cells are virtually transparent, often phase contrast microscopes are used, but depending on the desired measurement, for example using fluorescence microscopy is also an option.

Department of Life Science: Leica-Leitz trinocular phase contrast microscope, CO2 incubator, PCR system, growth chamber.

Other examples of common path interferometer include the Zernike phase contrast microscope, Fresnel's biprism, the zero-area Sagnac, and the scatterplate interferometer.

Improvements in the characteristics of 240E-1 were accomplished by repeated subcloning, selection for high fusion efficiency, robust growth, and morphological characteristics such as a bright appearance under a phase contrast microscope.

It was incubated on the stage of a Nikon inverted phase contrast microscope and maintained at 48 C using an electrical heating/cooling device (Cambion, Cambridge Thermionic, Cambridge, MA).

His first position after graduation was at the Institute of Microbiology of the University of Basel (1951-1954) where he investigated the morphology and sporulation of anthrax bacilli with the help of the then-new phase contrast microscope.

Instruments include Phase contrast microscope with photo micrographic equipment, Dark field microscopy, Refrigerated high-speed centrifuge, ELISA washer & reader, Electrophoretic equipments, Biological safety cabinets - one class 1 & other class 3 are also available.

Slides should be evaluated by visualisation using a phase contrast microscope, minimal cytoplasm should be observed and chromosomes should not be overlapping and be 400-550 bands long with no separated chromatids and finally should appear dark rather than shiny.