In the 1970's, a roaring economy turned an oil crisis into high, persistent inflation.

Their main grievances are economic, the persistent inflation, the huge accumulated federal debt and continued federal budget deficits.

Because of the persistent inflation, historical reliance on fish production and the long-standing public ownership of the commercial banks, equity markets were slow to develop.

The Fed's announcement highlighted the contradictory moves of the economy itself, which has provided evidence of both slowing economic growth and stubbornly persistent inflation.

A persistent inflation that whittled away at the purchasing power of salaried workers was a further cause of popular resentment against Arroyo.

Regardless of persistent inflation after 1272 paper currency backed by limited releases of coins remained as the standard means of currency until 1345.

Foreign exchange controls, austerity measures, persistent inflation, and downturns in Brazil, Europe, and other important trade partners, contributed to slower growth (1.9%) during 2012.

In the face of persistent inflation (more than 7 per cent per annum in 1990) many commentators predicted the imminent collapse of the accord.

Persistent inflation means that Aceh's consumer price index (CPI) remains the highest in Indonesia.

During the 1980's, persistent inflation of medical costs exhausted public budgets, even as festering social problems swelled the numbers of patients with no way to pay medical bills.

This, combined with persistent inflation and a repressed demand, meant sharp increases in imports and a sluggish performance of exports, which soon led again to a balance of payments crisis.

The economy continued to suffer, however, from persistent inflation, balance-of-payments and budget deficits, and a shortage of foreign exchange reserves, the management of which posed problems for the incoming National Front government.

Traders who were already nervous that the Fed would choke off the expansion - or that 1970's-style stagflation, with persistent inflation and slow growth, might ensue - sent stocks sharply lower.

Citing persistent inflation pressures, weak public finances, limited progress on fiscal consolidation and ineffectiveness of the government, rating agency Fitch revised India's Outlook to Negative from Stable on 18 June 2012.

Earlier Government reports on economic activity in February -particularly last Friday's report of a rise in producer prices - indicated persistent inflation but also showed a drop in retail sales, a decline in factory operating rates, flat industrial production and a sharp drop in housing construction.

But surveillance should also be broadened to take account of developments within Member States that may affect budgetary sustainability, such as the growth of current account deficits, persistent inflation divergences, persistent divergences in the evolution of unit labour costs, or trends of unbalanced growth.

Those thirty years span some of the sharpest changes of trend in modern history, from persistent deflation, for instance, to persistent inflation, or from unemployment averaging 10 per cent to unemployment averaging 2 per cent, as well as a rise of at least one-third in national income per head.