Such content notes may themselves contain a style of parenthetical referencing, just as the main text does.

Using parenthetical referencing for sources avoids such a problem.

Parenthetical referencing works well in combination with substantive notes.

Harvard referencing (or author-date system) is a specific kind of parenthetical referencing.

There are two styles of parenthetical referencing:

Works consulted However, the in-text referencing style in online publications may differ from the conventional parenthetical referencing.

Parenthetical referencing is recommended by both the British Standards Institution and the Modern Language Association.

Such ambiguities may be resolved by adding an original date of publication, for example, "(Spivak 1985/1996)", though this is cumbersome and exacerbates the principal disadvantage of parenthetical referencing, namely its distraction for the reader and unattractiveness on the page.

However this disadvantage is offset by the fact that parenthetical referencing may be economical for the overall document since, for instance, "(Smith 2008: 34)" takes up a small amount of space in a paragraph, whereas the same information would require a whole line in a footnote or endnote.

Parenthetical referencing, also known as Harvard referencing, is a citation style in which partial citations- for example (Smith 2010, p. 1)-are enclosed within parentheses (round brackets) and embedded in the text, either within or after a sentence, as opposed to the footnote style.

The Harvard Referencing System or the APA style can be used for the bibliography.