Parasocial interaction: A review of the literature and a model for future research.

Parasocial interaction was first described from the perspective of media and communication studies.

Children's wishful identification and parasocial interaction with favorite television characters.

These parasocial interactions impact human beings in both a cognitive and emotional way, Calvert says.

Loneliness, parasocial interaction, and local television news viewing.

Parasocial interaction with people on the screen.

Parasocial interaction has been linked to psychological attachment theory and its consequences have seen the same dramatic effects as real Relationship breakup.

Adolescent girls' parasocial interactions with media figures.

However, parasocial interaction have existed before mass media, when citizen would establish a bond with political figures, gods or even spirits.

Parasocial interactions were first investigated in regards to their effects on adults watching TV newscasters.

This is somewhat related to the concept of parasocial interaction where audiences develop one-sided relationships with media characters and celebrities.

The author found that one dimension of homophily (i.e., attitude) was the best predictor of parasocial interaction.

It all comes down to something called "parasocial interactions" and why we attach so fondly to the warming glow of the screen-any screen.

Parasocial interactions and relationships.

In parasocial interaction there is no "normal" social interaction; it is a very one-sided relation.

Why we follow: An examination of parasocial interaction and fan motivations for following athlete archetypes on Twitter.

I am currently trying to develop a general theory of parasocial interaction which accounts for different types of media figures and different media.

Initially, Horton and Wohl (1956) viewed parasocial interactions as abnormalities resulting from a lack of time spent with others.

Mass Communication and Parasocial Interaction.

The concept of parasocial interaction, and detailed examination of the behavioral phenomena that it seeks to explain, have considerable potential for developing psychological theory.

The study was based on social cognitive theory and looked at trait aggression in viewers and identification and parasocial interaction with aggressive characters.

Webmasters might foster parasocial interactions through a conversational writing style, extensive character development and opportunities for email exchange with the website's persona.

The study also confirmed the accuracy of the "PSI web scale" as a way to gauge consumer parasocial interaction with websites.

Though most literature has focused on parasocial interaction as a television and film phenomenon, new technologies, namely the Internet, have necessitated a closer look at such interactions.