Adenovirus and parainfluenza virus are not likely to cause life-threatening illness.

The parainfluenza viruses are the second most common causes of respiratory tract disease in infants and children.

Human parainfluenza virus typically results in inflammation of the nose, throat, and airways.

Parainfluenza viruses last only a few hours in the environment and are inactivated by soap and water.

It is caused by a combination of the canine parainfluenza virus and the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica.

In immunosuppressed people, parainfluenza virus infections can cause severe pneumonia which can be fatal.

Viral croup or acute laryngotracheitis is caused by parainfluenza virus, primarily types 1 and 2, in 75% of cases.

Human parainfluenza viruses (in children)

Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) (most common cause of croup)

The two most common Respiratory system pathogens to which air passengers are exposed are Human parainfluenza viruses and influenza.

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3) (associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia)

The same peptide, however, also inhibited human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3), the reason for which was not obvious.

Other viruses include the coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus.

Other cases may be caused by human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and metapneumovirus.

Kennel cough can also be caused by canine adenovirus-2 or canine parainfluenza virus or a combination of pathogens.

The water extract of X. parietina has good antiviral activity in vitro, inhibiting the replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2.

The most commonly identified agents in children are respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses.

Human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) (causes croup and other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses)

A single hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein can combine neuraminidase and hemagglutinin functions, such as in mumps virus and human parainfluenza virus.

Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are the etiologic agents causing 'human parainfluenza.'

In addition, CV-N is active against rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and enteric viruses.

The viruses thought to be involved include the adenovirus, which causes respiratory infections; the human parvovirus B19, an infection that affects children; and the human parainfluenza virus.

Clinical Features of Human Parainfluenza Viruses (hPIVs)

Members of this genus include the Newcastle disease virus (Avian parainfluenza virus 1) and Avian paramyxovirus types 2 through 9.

The vaccine was made by inserting the S, or spike, protein that protrudes from the SARS virus into a modified parainfluenza virus.