De Vany has worked on the concept of evolutionary fitness (similar to the Paleolithic lifestyle).

The evolutionary rationale has also been applied by researchers into the paleolithic lifestyle to argue for high levels of physical activity in addition to dietary practices.

Paleolithic lifestyle - a hunter-gatherer distinguished by their nomadic lifestyle and use of stone tools.

Liedloff's recommendations fit in more generally with evolutionary psychology, attachment theory, and the philosophy known as the Paleolithic lifestyle: optimizing well-being by living more like our hunter-gatherer ancestors.

Proponents of a paleolithic lifestyle assert that insufficient time has passed for humans to adapt to the changes brought by farming and industrialization, leading to a misfit between modern lifestyle and the human genome.

While a small number of cultures in the world continue to live a paleolithic hunter-gatherer lifestyle, a subculture of people has emerged in modern societies who try to recreate elements of a paleolithic lifestyle.

Moreover there are indications that a paleolithic lifestyle is likely to reduce stress and depression, and increase overall happiness and well-being, given that our minds and emotions too are adapted for a life as hunter-gatherers.

Alongside his work at the NSF, his storyline focuses mainly on his attempt at a paleolithic lifestyle, which includes focusing on certain types of behaviour that the human brain has adapted to enjoy, such as sleeping outdoors and hunting.

A paleolithic lifestyle (also known as paleo or primal lifestyle) refers to living as humans presumably did in the paleolithic era (Old Stone Age), or attempting to recreate such a lifestyle in the present day.

The relative status of various humans, some of whom had modern advanced technologies that included engines and telegraphs, while others lacked anything but face-to-face communication techniques and still lived a Paleolithic lifestyle, was of interest to the first generation of cultural anthropologists.