Another reliable psychological effect relevant here is the "positive outcome bias".

The first study has been criticized for its small sample size and single-blinding; both factors are associated with positive outcomes bias.

Individuals whose judgments are influenced by outcome bias are seemingly holding decision makers responsible for events beyond their control.

Positive outcome bias may refer to:

Skeptic's Dictionary: positive outcome bias.

The outcome bias is an error made in evaluating the quality of a decision when the outcome of that decision is already known.

To avoid the influence of outcome bias, one should evaluate a decision by ignoring information collected after the fact and focusing on what the right answer is, or was at the time the decision was made.

The phrases funding bias, sponsorship bias, funding outcome bias, or funding publication bias refer to an observed tendency of the conclusion of a scientific research study to support the interests of the study's financial sponsor.

The hindsight bias focuses on memory distortion to favor the actor, while the outcome bias focuses exclusively on weighting the past outcome heavier than other pieces of information in deciding if a past decision was correct.