normative science

The idea of a normative science of morality has met with many criticisms.

The economist, who wants to engage in normative science, attempts to tell the decision maker how she should make decisions.

The use of normative science by scientists is a common method used to subtly advocate for preferred policy choices.

For further information see normative science.

It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of "morality".

Regular or traditional science does not presuppose a policy preference, but normative science, by definition, does.

The Exxon Valdez oil spill revisited and the dangers of normative science.

He regarded economics as a normative science whose analytic portion might be part of logical methodeutic (that is, theory of inquiry).

He is also a proponent of the view that the pervasive use of normative science is undermining the credibility of the scientific enterprise.

Normative Science, Fisheries, American Fisheries Society.

In the pragmatic philosophies of Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, John Dewey, and others, inquiry is closely associated with the normative science of logic.

Peirce did not write extensively in esthetics and ethics, but came by 1902 to hold that esthetics, ethics, and logic, in that order, comprise the normative sciences.

In the applied sciences, normative science is a type of information that is developed, presented, or interpreted based on an assumed, usually unstated, preference for a particular policy or class of policies.

The theory and methods of a normative science of morality are explicitly discussed in Joseph Daleiden's The Science of Morality: The Individual, Community, and Future Generations (1998).

Peirce regarded logic per se as a division of philosophy, as a normative science based on esthetics and ethics, as more basic than metaphysics, and as "the art of devising methods of research".

For example, when presented as scientific information, words such as ecosystem health, biology integrity, and degraded ecosystems are typically examples of normative science because they each presuppose a policy preference and are therefore a type of policy advocacy.

In more general philosophical terms, normative science is a form of inquiry, typically involving a community of inquiry and its accumulated body of provisional knowledge, that seeks to discover good ways of achieving recognized aims, ends, goals, objectives, or purposes.

In one classical formulation, truth is defined as the good of logic, where logic is a normative science, that is, an inquiry into a good or a value that seeks knowledge of it and the means to achieve it.

Serving as a normative recommendation or a regulative principle in the normative science of logic, its function is to guide the conduct of thought toward the achievement of its purpose, advising on an optimal way of "attaining clearness of apprehension".

A question of what should be done, in other words, what must be done by way of achieving a given aim, is a normative question, and there exist what are called normative sciences devoted to answering normative questions about any domain of problems that one might care to address.