General theory for non-swelling and swelling soils.

One way to induce cracking was by sedimentation from a saline solution and a non-swelling clay.

The middle layer consists of locally won non-swelling clay, compacted to provide a hydraulic barrier which will prevent leachate migration for some hundreds of years.

Ltd. has extracted a small stockpile of high-purity, non-swelling calcium bentonite near Deerwood, 8 km northwest of Miami.

For example, it can be conditioned in a hypertonic saline solution so that on absorbing body fluids it increases in size, thus achieving a higher buckle than is possible with a non-swelling implant.

Darcy's law was developed for saturated flow in porous media; to this Richards applied a continuity requirement suggested by Buckingham, and obtained a general partial differential equation describing water movement in unsaturated non-swelling soils.

However, when freshwater was used, no cracking could be induced in non-swelling clays, although in mud containing as little as two percent swelling clay, cracking was easily induced when salinity changes were introduced to the surrounding water.