Then, the nipple-areola complex is transposed higher upon the breast hemisphere.

The nipple-areola complex tends to move lower on the breast relative to the inframammary crease.

With the circumareolar suturing that encircles the nipple-areola complex.

Complications Tissue necrosis of the nipple-areola complex is the principal mastopexy medical complication.

Then, per the landmarks of the initial incision-plan, a semicircular pattern is delineated around the nipple-areola complex.

The therapeutic disadvantage is a breast without a sensitive nipple-areola complex, and without lactational capability.

The Anchor ring: a circular incision at the upper-edge of the periphery of the nipple-areola complex.

Symmetry During the dermal closure, the nipple-areola complex is transposed to its new locale, as determined by the skin pedicle.

The Anchor shank: a vertical incision from the lower edge of the nipple-areola complex to the inframammary-fold incision.

Surgery may also damage the lactiferous ducts and the nerves of the nipple-areola complex (NAC).

Finally, for emplacing the nipple-areola complex, the incisions are completed by cutting the ellipse and the tissue adjacent to the medial pedicle.

The nipple-areola complex is elevated with plication sutures, and requires no skin resection when there is no excess skin.

Breast reduction surgery is a procedure that involves removing excess breast tissue, fat, and skin, and the repositioning of the nipple-areola complex.

Moreover, a combined mastopexy-breast augmentation procedure can make the surgical revision of breast asymmetry more difficult because of the overstretched tissues of nipple-areola complex.

Afterwards, the pedicle epidermis surrounding the NAC (nipple-areola complex) is cut, and adipose tissue is liposuctioned from the breast.

Morphologically, the breast is a cone with the base at the chest wall, and the apex at the nipple, the center of the NAC (nipple-areola complex).

After the dermal closure, a suture is emplaced to achieve the continuous approximation of the nipple-areola complex to the adjacent skin edge, and to the lower skin incisions.

In 1972, J. Jenny described a periareolar-incision emplacement technique for inserting the breast implants via an incision under the nipple-areola complex (NAC).

The upper-edge of the (future) nipple-areola complex (NAC) is marked slightly below the IMF-level, and a semicircle of 16-cm maximum diameter.

The breast-lift procedure surgically elevates the parenchymal tissue (breast mass), cuts and re-sizes the skin envelope, and transposes the nipple-areola complex higher upon the breast hemisphere.

Mastopexy corrects said degenerative physical changes, by elevating the (internal) parenchymal tissues, cutting and re-sizing the skin envelope, and transposing the nipple-areola complex higher upon the breast hemisphere.

Parenchymal maldistribution - The lower breast lacks fullness, the inframammary fold is very high under the breast hemisphere, and the nipple-areola complex is close to the IMF.

Nonetheless, in breast-lift surgery, the primary consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple-areola complex, so that the outcome is a functionally sensate breast of natural size, contour, and feel.

A semicircle at the superior face of the ellipsis - either a hemisphere (1/2 circle) or a crescent (3/4 circle) - to indicate the transposed locale of the nipple-areola complex.