pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration , PKAN (skrót)
neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 , NBIA1 (skrót)
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome

This causes the symptoms that are present in Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration to occur.

Individuals are diagnosed with Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration when they have the following manifestations:

Most of the treatment for Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is aimed at suppressing dystonia.

The gene responsible for Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is known as PANK2.

"Pantothenate Kinase-associated Neurodegeneration."

PANK2 is associated with Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, formerly called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

Main examples are chorea acanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration and X-linked McLeod syndrome.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome)

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a disease characterized by brain iron accumulation and progressive difficulty with movement.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration or Hallervorden Spatz disease is a rare disease primarily characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms and dementia, or extreme forgetfullness.

Along with Julius Hallervorden, he is credited with the discovery of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome (now more commonly referred to as Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration).

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern meaning that both copies of the gene in an individual must be mutated for the person to be affected by the disease.

The disease was named 'pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration' or PKAN by Zhou et al. (2001) who suggested the name to avoid misinterpretation and to better reflect the true nature of the disorder.

There are no known prevention methods for Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration but certain drugs such as alpha-tocopherol and idebenone were shown to have worsened the symptoms of PKAN and should be avoided.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration usually appears before the age of ten but about 25% of affected individuals have an onset that is atypical (after the age of ten) with a more gradual progression of the disease.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration was formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome after two German neuropathologists but the term is no longer used because of the unethical activities these men participated in both before and during World War II.

Although it is unknown how changes in this enzyme's function lead to the signs and symptoms of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, phospholipid metabolism problems have been seen in both this disorder and a related disorder called pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.

An MRI scan of the brain can be used to look for conditions that can mimic DRD (for example, metal deposition in the basal ganglia can indicate Wilson's disease or pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration).

Formerly Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

The term NBIA1 is general enough to cover all conditions previously categorized as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

PANK2 is associated with Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, formerly called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome)

PANK2: pantothenate kinase 2 (Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome)

Along with Julius Hallervorden, he is credited with the discovery of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome (now more commonly referred to as Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration).

Lewy bodies are also present in neurons in dementia with Lewy bodies and the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease, as well as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration was formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome after two German neuropathologists but the term is no longer used because of the unethical activities these men participated in both before and during World War II.

This disorder was formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome, but because of concerns about the unethical activities of Dr. Hallervorden (and perhaps also Dr. Spatz) involving euthanasia of mentally ill patients during World War II, the name has been changed.