The circular muscle layer prevents food from traveling backward and the longitudinal layer shortens the tract.

The primary body-wall musculature consists of an outer circular layer overlying a longitudinal layer.

The intestine has its own pair of muscle layers like the body, but in reverse order-an inner circular layer inside an outer longitudinal layer.

The smooth muscle throughout most of the GI tract is divided into two layers: an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer.

The pigsty has alternating layers of transverse and longitudinal layers of these sleepers, which contains a lot of air which saves weight.

The outer longitudinal layer of the colon thins out into 3 discontinuous longitudinal bands, known as taeniae coli (bands of the colon).

The inner circular layer is innervated by both excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons, while the outer longitudinal layer is innervated by mainly excitatory neurons.

The large intestine differs most obviously from the small intestine in being wider and in showing the longitudinal layer of the muscularis have been reduced to 3 strap-like structures known as the taeniae coli.

The muscles layer of tapeworms consist of the same circular and longitudinal layers but in addition there is a secondary parenchymal musculature of longitudinal transverse and dorsoventral fibers which encloses the interior parenchyma.

At light microscopy (haematoxylin and eosin, and elastic Van Gieson stains) there was thickening of the bowel wall by fibrous tissue with abnormalities of the muscularis propria, especially the external longitudinal layer (Fig 1).