• there was no relationship between livestock densities and water quality.

Reductions in livestock density had a linear relation with load reduction.

The low livestock density meant that marl and lime was often used instead of manure.

The change in livestock densities and in manure production varies among regions.

Explanatory variables will include water quality indices, source water type, livestock density, soil types, and demographic data.

In this part of the basin human and livestock densities are high and small-scale subsistence agriculture is the main land use.

Elevated numbers are found in runoff from manured fields, though abundance in surface waters has not been linked to livestock density.

For many areas with high livestock density, manure application substantially replaces application of synthetic fertilizers on surrounding cropland.

MEPs want a study of the potential impact of an area-based premium, in particular with regard to farms with high livestock densities.

Habitat use by gray wolves is strongly correlated with the abundance of prey, snow conditions, absence or low livestock densities, road densities, human presence and topography.

This includes nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacteria monitoring in ground and surface waters, fencing off waterways from cattle, and appropriate livestock densities for pasture conditions.

Some producers have made provisions to re-establish shelterbelts or replant trees where livestock have destroyed them and they continuously monitor livestock density on grazing land.

In Cantal the livestock density per hectare of permanent grassland appears to be increasing only very slowly now and certainly more slowly than between 1955 and 1970.

Why not go in for a proper reform and do away with endless quota regulations, ceilings, minimum and maximum livestock densities, slaughter premiums and fattening bonuses?

By 1997 about 15% of the manure produced over the aquifer was being removed to areas in the Fraser Valley with low livestock densities or to the province’s interior.

In many areas, these levels are increasing, particularly so in areas of high livestock density, with existing sources of drinking water having to be closed or being subject to expensive treatment.

Regions of the country with high livestock densities are reporting fecal coliform counts that exceed Canadian water quality guidelines for both drinking and irrigation water (Fairchild et al.

These exercises should, where possible, be carried out in high-risk areas, eg. borders with other countries, high livestock density areas, areas where CSF infected wild pigs are known to exist, etc.

Western Canada is also experiencing similar resistance, however, relative to the agricultural land base and human populations, livestock densities are small.The likelihood of successfully expanding the livestock industry is much higher in the Prairie provinces.

Beef is supported, inter alia, through headage payments based on fixed, reference livestock numbers subject to limits on livestock density (basic special premium for male animals, suckler cow premium, premium for bulls, and slaughter premium).

As in the case of Quebec, Figure 17-2 shows that the highest risk areas are in the high livestock density areas of New Brunswick: the Uplands, the Maritime Lowlands and the Bay of Fundy coastal regions.

"The major role of the Government was in balancing the livestock densities with what the sanctuary could support and recognizing that this was a wildlife sanctuary," said Dr. Paul Joslin, a scientist who has visited the Gir forests regularly over the last 20 years.

The House rs giving Member States more flexibility to separate direct payments more from historical reference values at national level. MEPs want a study of the potential impact of an area-based premium, notably with regard to farms with high livestock densities.

It is therefore clear, for example, that the withdrawal of milk quotas - which the European Commission appears to favour - might very soon lead to the end of milk herds in areas that have natural handicaps, such as mountainous or rainy areas, and the increase of livestock density in plains.