Left communism first came into being as a clear movement in or around 1918.

This had the result that new organisations identifying with Left Communism came into being and older ones dissolved themselves.

Most of these critics were proponents of ideologies later described as left communism.

Sylvia by this time adhered to left communism or council communism.

After 1926, Italian left communism took shape in exile and without the participation of Bordiga.

Ultra-left currents within left communism are often subject to criticisms from other factions of the left.

Whittaker Chambers observed that when he left communism and joined the democratic camp, he was joining the losing side of history.

The German-Dutch tradition of left communism was so named because the movement in both countries was very closely connected.

Another early analysis the USSR as state capitalist came from various groups advocating left communism.

Both groups were influenced by German left communism and in particular the KAPD.

Libertarian socialism and Left communism, advocate free associations of individuals and collaborative decision-making in place of the traditional state.

Two major traditions can be observed within left communism: the Dutch-German tradition and the Italian tradition.

The historical origins of left communism can be traced to the period before the First World War, but it only came into focus after 1918 .

A useful starting point is the Left Communism collection published on the Marxists Internet Archive.

Although she died before left communism became a distinct tendency, Rosa Luxemburg has heavily influenced most left communists, both politically and theoretically.

Gradually the Left Fractions adopted positions drawn from German Left Communism.

The closing stages of the Second World War marked a watershed in the history of Left Communism, as was true for every other political tendency.

Beginning in 1935 he worked in collaboration with the Hungarian Communist Party, but in 1948 he became disillusioned and left communism.

Prominent post-1968 proponents of Left Communism have included Paul Mattick and Maximilien Rubel.

Originally inspired by the Situationist International, the OJTR was later influenced by left communism.

Their anti-authoritarian interpretation of Marxist theory can be identified with the broader council communist and libertarian Marxist movements, themselves more broadly termed as left communism.

However by the end of 1976 it was clear that the wave of working class struggle which had led to the rebirth of left communism in Britain was over.

Some Surrealists, such as Benjamin Péret, Mary Low, and Juan Breá, aligned with forms of left communism.

The term ultra left is rarely used in English, in which people tend to speak broadly of left communism as a minor variant of traditional Marxism.

Gilles Dauvé (pen name Jean Barrot; born 1947) is a French political theorist associated with left communism and the contemporary tendency of communization.