That requires the existence of 'joint rights and joint obligations'.

I hope that the United States will demonstrate a greater level of commitment when it comes to joint obligations in the fight against climate change.

There is a joint obligation to guarantee the fundamental rights and freedoms of European citizens, including the free movement of workers.

Glanville Williams, Joint obligations.

On the face of it, the absence of joint obligations of payment was inconsistent with the existence of a joint tenancy.

That decision has been roundly criticised as 'extraordinary' by Professor Glanville Williams in his Joint Obligations, p. 117, para. 55.

Typically ranging from $100,000 to several million, these mortgages are the joint obligations of the apartment owners in co-ops, who, as shareholders in their co-op corporations, assume their buildings' debts.

Professor Glanville Williams sees the reason for the extended rule to have been an early uncertainty as to the nature of a joint and several obligation: see Joint Obligations, p. 135.

At exceptional times in the history of states and organisations, such as these which we are now experiencing, we have a joint obligation to find appropriate and ambitious responses to the challenges we face.

I was also referred to passages in Professor Glanville Williams's monograph on Joint Obligations (1949), and to the treatment of the same subject in Chitty on Contracts 26th ed. (1989), vol. 1, paras.

We therefore conclude that the provisions for payments contained in these two agreements.were incapable in law of creating a joint tenancy, because the monetary obligations of the two parties were not joint obligations and there was accordingly no complete unity of interest.