ionic pump

This is thought to be caused by failure of the plasma membrane's ionic pumps.

The crystal structures of related ionic pumps have also been solved, giving a broader view of how these molecular machines work.

The resting membrane potential is not an equilibrium potential as it relies on the constant expenditure of energy (for ionic pumps as mentioned above) for its maintenance.

A specialized type of membrane can be used as an "ionic pump" to move humidity into or out of a sealed enclosure, operating at a molecular level without involving visible liquid water.

During active carbonatogenesis, the carbonate particles are produced by ionic exchanges through the cell membrane by activation of calcium and/or magnesium ionic pumps or channels, probably coupled with carbonate ion production.

By preserving the energy metabolism in cells exposed to hypoxia or ischemia, trimetazidine prevents a decrease in intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels, thereby ensuring the proper functioning of ionic pumps and transmembranous sodium-potassium flow whilst maintaining cellular homeostasis.