The availability of institutional financing is critical to any prospect for real-estate development.

Landlords and developers in poor neighborhoods have traditionally found institutional financing hard to come by.

But the amount of institutional financing declined, the authors found, in communities where managed care competition was most pronounced.

A few have been vacant buildings that the company gut-rehabilitated, using private loans rather than institutional financing.

Mr. Drabinsky said yesterday that the rehabilitation would be paid for by "private institutional financing."

Westwood also will credit another $2.5 million in restitution directly to students who financed their tuition with the school's institutional financing program.

BUT it is one thing to buy land and another thing to find institutional financing to build on it.

Mr. Zelekowitz said that he was currently seeking "institutional financing" for his project."

"We can take private companies, new to the rating process and to the market, and teach them what the institutional financing market is all about.

If that view is correct, however, institutional financing of co-ops that were formerly regulated would be undermined.

Institutional financing remains nondiscretionary under Medicaid.

The lack of industrial investment was attributed to a potentially low rate of return rather than to any lack of institutional financing.

But it took a year to get institutional financing for the Cincinnati project, even though it was for only 50 percent of the development cost, he said.

Many publicly held development companies consider this form of financing more secure than the institutional financing they were receiving a decade ago, Mr. Sweeney said.

The search for institutional financing led finally to a $28.5 million loan from Yasudo Trust and Banking Company of Tokyo.

The company received a first, $10M round of institutional financing from two venture capital funds in January 2010, at the same time introducing new management and an advisory board.

And conversion, in the absence of rent or mortgage subsidies, or easily available institutional financing, may be the only means by which the entrepreneur can justify the rehabilitation effort.

As younger generations of choreographers, here and abroad, have grown to depend on institutional financing that was unheard of in those earlier days, such sponsorship is becoming scarcer.

THE birth of mortgage-backed securities four years ago was widely regarded in the real estate industry as the beginning of the end for traditional institutional financing of large commercial developments.

As part of the bankruptcy restructuring, shareholders of Penthouse arranged additional institutional financing in order to fund a competing plan or reorganization that would preserve their interests as shareholders.

Most important, the institutional financing was obtained faster and, perhaps, at a cheaper interest rate than mortgage securities, according to partners at Sonnenblick-Goldman, the mortgage brokerage firm that arranged the deal.

Dean Witter is expected to work with Goldman to assemble institutional financing or possibly to arrange for bonds to be sold to the public that would be backed by rents from the tower.

EOS PLANS EXPANSION - Eos Airlines said it acquired institutional financing to allow it to expand its fleet of 757 aircraft and add routes next year.

At that time, he was replaced by Susan Segal as head of he company; Segal was a venture capitalist, representing Chase Manhattan Bank's Chase Capital Partners, which had given Starmedia its first round of institutional financing in 1997.