That amounted to a separate and independent cause of action.

There were three independent causes, in the language of the report, "any one of which, had it not existed, would have prevented the accident."

"Willpower as an independent cause of behavior is a myth," Dr. Lowe said.

However, the church records show that the Independent cause in Tollesbury was already under discussion in the years preceding.

For him neither the rule of human nor the rule of divine will exists as an independent cause of natural events.

Some offerings were taken up for independent causes, such as for the evangelistic work of Reinhard Bonnke and his team.

An indirect consequence was damage due to the operation of independent causes having no connection with the negligent act, except that they could not avoid its results.

Yet such calculations assume that multiple failures must have independent causes, and similar flight control failures have occurred:

Litton agreed that any material failure to meet any of the conditions of the agreement would constitute an independent cause for barring of the company.

Jeffrey Paul Smith (born 1956) is an attorney, community organizer, and political activist from Illinois who is known for advocacy of progressive, reform, and independent causes.

While many factors contribute to high blood pressure, lack of sleep appears to be an independent cause, according to Dr. Dolores Malaspina, a co-author of the paper.

Meanwhile, the independent cause in Upper Peru had been kept alive by six guerrilla bands that formed in the backcountry of Upper Peru.

Obstructive sleep apnea (a condition of sleep wherein disordered breathing overlaps with obesity, hypertension, and/or diabetes) is regarded as an independent cause of heart failure.

Other jurisdictions view loss of consortium as an element of damages, not as an independent cause of action; in which case the claim must be brought under another tort.

For it was these very laws, the internal practical necessity of which led us to the hypothesis of an independent cause, or of a wise ruler of the universe, who should give them effect.

However, hierarchical model is actually a special case of non-hierarchical model by setting joint prior as a weighted average of the prior to common and independent causes, each weighted by their prior probability.

In such cases, multiple categories of diagnosis may indeed have independent causes rather than a single source, i.e., may be due to separate events or combinations of events to which the patient may have been subjected or exposed.

Thus, the Alien Tort Statute provides a jurisdictional basis, but does not create an independent cause of action, save for a few exceptions envisioned by Congress at the time of enacting the Alien Tort Statute.

That is to say it could mean that the easier access to guns lead to more violence, or it could mean that larger amounts of violence lead to a higher level of gun ownership for self-defense, or any other independent cause.

Promissory estoppel, however, has been thought to be incapable of raising an independent cause of action, so that one may only plead another party is estopped from enforcing their strict legal rights as a "shield", but cannot bring a cause of action out of estoppel as a "sword".