hydrostat

A muscular hydrostat is a biological structure found in animals.

Muscles provide the force to move a muscular hydrostat.

The bending of a muscular hydrostat is particularly important in animal tongues.

Many other species have bodies with major muscles and can move on their own; they are a type of muscular hydrostat.

However, with only a hydrostat the system would tend to oscillate around the desired depth.

As a muscular hydrostat, the trunk moves by precisely coordinated muscle contractions.

The hydrostat senses the depth; initially, this function was sometimes performed by a simple bellows.

The most important biomechanical feature of a muscular hydrostat is its constant volume.

The human pharynx has been proposed to be a muscular hydrostat in which stiffening provides an important function.

The head end bears eight arms and two tentacles, each a form of muscular hydrostat containing many suckers along the edge.

In a muscular hydrostat, the musculature itself both creates movement and provides skeletal support for that movement.

Squids have been shown to use muscular hydrostat elongation in prey capture and feeding as well.

Contraction of helical fibers causes elongation and shortening of the hydrostat.

Contraction of orthogonal fibers causes torsion or twisting of the hydrostat.

A muscular hydrostat, like a hydrostatic skeleton, relies on the fact that water is effectively incompressible at physiological pressures.

The bending of a muscular hydrostat can occur in two ways, both of which require the use of antagonistic muscles.

It is a specialized, extended muscular hydrostat used to store spermatophores, the male gametophore.

The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication.

Bending of a muscular hydrostat can also occur by the contraction of transverse, radial, or circular muscles which decreases the diameter.

In contrast to a hydrostatic skeleton, where muscle surrounds a fluid-filled cavity, a muscular hydrostat is composed mainly of muscle tissue.

In a muscular hydrostat or any other structure of constant volume, a decrease in one dimension will cause a compensatory increase in at least one other dimension.

Torsion is the twisting of a muscular hydrostat along its long axis and is produced by a helical or oblique arrangement of musculature which have varying direction.

The stiffening of a muscular hydrostat is accomplished by the muscle or connective tissue of the hydrostat resisting dimensional changes.

To bend the hydrostat structure, the unilateral contraction of longitudinal muscle must be accompanied by contractile activity of transverse, radial, or circular muscles to maintain a constant diameter.

A specialized version of the hydrostatic skeleton is a called a muscular hydrostat, which consists of a tightly packed array of three-dimensional muscle fibers surrounding a hydrostatic body.