However, it is not uncommon for up to ten housekeeping genes to be used.

The housekeeping gene's products are typically needed for maintenance of the cell.

The unstable expression of housekeeping genes after fracture is not surprising.

In practice, however, there may be only a small number of or no housekeeping genes in a given experiment.

The origin of the term "housekeeping gene" remains obscure.

Housekeeping genes are expressed in at least 25 copies per cell and sometimes number in the thousands.

All forms of life, from bacteria to humans, have the same basic set of cellular housekeeping genes.

Other housekeeping genes that are widely used were also studied and were found to vary in expression with time after fracture.

Because C3orf14 is not ubiquitously expressed, it most likely is not a housekeeping gene.

The chromosomes, which carry the vast majority of the housekeeping genes, appear to be very constant in gene content and organization across the genus.

This can be achieved by appropriate spiking and/or selection of housekeeping genes that fulfill this criterion.

Identify these core genes in advance of the experiment (housekeeping genes, extrinsic controls) 3.

Housekeeping gene - typically a constitutive gene that is transcribed at a relatively constant level across many or all known conditions.

In keeping with its housekeeping gene properties, it has been suggested that cystatin C might be influenced by the basal metabolic rate.

In addition, brain cells contain many housekeeping genes that perform the routine functions, like energy metabolism, that are common to all cells.

The goal of normalization is to reduce false positives in the expression fold change calculation and ensure housekeeping genes are marked as unchanged.

Some housekeeping genes are constitutively expressed in similar amounts in all organs to insure the maintenance of basic cellular processes.

CpG islands typically occur at or near the transcription start site of genes, particularly housekeeping genes, in vertebrates.

After developing the film, the bands were quantitated by using the ImageQuant program and normalized with the housekeeping gene, L32.

Data for each gene was normalized to expression of a housekeeping gene, β-glucuronidase (GUS).

This expression profile suggests that this gene is a "housekeeping gene," one that has important effects in all cells, regardless of tissue.

The larger chromosome has the usual housekeeping genes, which are similar to those of E. coli, a common and usually harmless inhabitant of the human gut.

Thus both the number and type of housekeeping genes interrogated by MLST may differ from species to species.

For each of these housekeeping genes, the different sequences are assigned as alleles and the alleles at the loci provide an allelic profile.

Quoting Staphylococcus aureus as an example, seven housekeeping genes are used in MLST typing.