horizontal cell

In this role they are considered to supplement the action of the horizontal cells.

Recently a spam campaign has started using a table layout consisting of three horizontal cells.

One proposed theory for facilitation by the horizontal cells proceeds as follows.

Among their functions, horizontal cells are responsible for allowing eyes to adjust to see well under both bright and dim light conditions.

Barkley used what might be called a "horizontal cell" technique that has no ribs or spars.

The horizontal cells and the amacrine cells complicate matters somewhat.

The horizontal cells lie in the outer part of the inner nuclear layer and possess somewhat flattened cell bodies.

Horizontal cells are depolarized by the release of glutamate from photoreceptors, which happens in the absence of light.

They can synapse with either rods or cones (but not both), and they also accept synapses from horizontal cells.

The selectivity of these three horizontal cells, towards one of the three cone types, is a matter of debate.

Assume we have 10 photoreceptors, one hyperpolarizing (H) bipolar cell, and one horizontal cell.

This is true of other examples such as connections between horizontal cells of the retina, or the Mauthner cell synapse in goldfish.

All ten photoreceptors connect to the horizontal cell, and the middle photoreceptor () connects to the bipolar cell.

This is mediated by neurons such as the amacrine and horizontal cells, which functionally render the spread or convergence of signals inactive.

While it is known that an important cell in the process is the horizontal cell, the exact sequence of receptors and molecules is unknown.

Further complexity arises from the various interconnections among bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells in the retina.

Like horizontal cells, amacrine cells work laterally affecting the output from bipolar cells, however, their tasks are often more specialized.

The horizontal cells introduce lateral inhibition and give rise to the center-surround inhibition which is apparent in retinal receptive fields.

Native responses of the GABA receptor type occur in retinal bipolar or horizontal cells across vertebrate species.

Also, retinal dopamine is involved in the regulation of electrical coupling between horizontal cells and the retinomotor movement of photoreceptor cells.

The synapses in the outer plexiform layer are between the rod cell endings or cone cell branched foot plates and horizontal cells.

Depolarization of a horizontal cell causes it to release the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA on an adjacent photoreceptor.

Horizontal cells are the laterally interconnecting neurons in the Inner Nuclear (Bipolar) layer of the retina of mammalian eyes.

They also identified a third type of horizontal cell, HIII, which was identical to HI but did not make contact with S cones.

Lamina I or SZ, the stratum zonale, is a thin layer consisting of small myelinated axons together with marginal and horizontal cells.